Ocular Anatomy — Anterior Segment

Aqueous humor passes through the trabecular meshwork into Schlemm’s canal, then into collector channels and episcleral veins.

Descemet’s membrane is the basement membrane secreted by the corneal endothelium.

The crystalline lens is suspended by the zonular fibers (zonules of Zinn) attached to the ciliary body.

The iris separates the anterior chamber (in front) from the posterior chamber (behind the iris).

The sphincter pupillae is innervated by parasympathetic fibers via CN III through the ciliary ganglion.

The trabecular meshwork is in the angle of the anterior chamber, at the corneoscleral junction.

Normal IOP is 10–21 mmHg as measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry.

Aqueous humor is produced by the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body via active secretion, ultrafiltration, and diffusion.

Bowman’s layer does not regenerate after injury; it is replaced by fibrous scar tissue.

The cornea, being avascular, receives oxygen primarily from the atmosphere through the precorneal tear film.