Ocular Disease — Posterior Retinal Diseases

1 / 10

1. The ‘bone spicule’ pigmentary deposits in retinitis pigmentosa are located:

1. At the macula

2. In the nerve fiber layer

3. At the optic disc

4. In the mid-peripheral retina along retinal vessels

2 / 10

2. Which investigation best evaluates the choroidal circulation?

1. Standard fluorescein angiography (FFA)

2. A-scan ultrasonography

3. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)

4. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) only

3 / 10

3. The ‘sea-fan’ pattern of neovascularization in the retina periphery is seen in:

1. Diabetic retinopathy

2. Age-related macular degeneration

3. Retinitis pigmentosa

4. Sickle cell retinopathy (HbSC > HbSS)

4 / 10

4. The primary treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is:

1. Anti-VEGF injections

2. Topical steroids

3. Surgical repair (scleral buckle, PPV, or pneumatic retinopexy)

4. Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

5 / 10

5. Neovascular (wet) AMD is treated with:

1. Laser photocoagulation alone in all cases

2. Oral vitamins only (AREDS formula)

3. Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept)

4. Topical steroids

6 / 10

6. Stargardt disease primarily affects:

1. Young patients (most common inherited macular dystrophy — ABCA4 gene)

2. Elderly patients only

3. Both macular and peripheral retina equally

4. Only the optic nerve

7 / 10

7. Laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy (panretinal photocoagulation) aims to:

1. Directly close leaking microaneurysms in the macula

2. Destroy ischemic peripheral retina to reduce VEGF and cause neovascular regression

3. Increase retinal blood flow

4. Treat macular edema only

8 / 10

8. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in its dry form is characterized by:

1. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV)

2. Drusen and RPE atrophy (geographic atrophy) without CNV

3. Vitreous hemorrhage

4. Retinal detachment

9 / 10

9. Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) typically affects:

1. Young to middle-aged stressed men, associated with steroid use

2. Elderly women with AMD

3. Children with inflammatory disease

4. Contact lens wearers only

10 / 10

10. Epiretinal membrane (ERM) causes:

1. Peripheral field loss only

2. Metamorphopsia and reduced central VA from inner retinal distortion

3. Night blindness

4. Optic disc pallor

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